International Journal of Pathology and Drugs

Breathless: A Visual Exploration of Lung Diseases

Zafar Imtiaz — 2023-12-05

In-depth analysis of lung disorders, their effects on people and communities, and the difficulties in treating them is provided in this research article. Lung conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer, and pneumonia, have grown to be major global public health worries. The causes, risk factors, diagnostic methods, available cures, and preventative measures for a variety of lung disorders are all examined in this essay. It is also investigated how lung disorders develop and advance due to hereditary factors, environmental variables like smoking and air pollution, and occupational hazards. In order to improve patient outcomes and lessen the burden of pulmonary illnesses, the findings high-light the vital relevance of early detection and prompt care. Lung disease development is known to be primarily influenced by genetic factors, environmental exposure, and occupational hazards. The study emphasizes the importance of interdisci-plinary cooperation among healthcare experts, researchers, policymakers, and communities to effectively address the issues raised by lung disorders. Lung disease impact must be reduced through public health actions, such as raising awareness, encouraging healthy lifestyle choices, and putting preventive measures in place. These interventions include measures to reduce smoking, better air quality legislation, immunization campaigns, and early screening programs. The research report emphasizes the urgent need for ongoing study, advocacy, and policy implementation in its conclusion in order to lessen the burden of lung illnesses, enhance patient outcomes, and promote lung health globally. This project seeks to expand our knowledge of lung disorders by analyzing their causes, effects, and treatment options. It also aims to provide a foundation for future research in the area.

A Case Study on Severe Hypertension

Satvik pandey — 2023-12-05

Secondary hypertension has a wide range of causes, and these causes change with age. The most common cause of secondary hypertension in teenagers is Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA), still it's frequently overlooked. Then, we present a case of elevated blood pressure caused by CoA. The case, a manly case aged 17, was brought into our sanitarium due to unbridled high blood pressure. We especially estimated CoA. On the basis of a Thoracic aorta CTA and the rejection of other possible judgments, CoA was determined to be the opinion in this case. The case had a stent implanted while having their blood pressure continuously checked. Depending on the situation, antihypertensive specifics were utilized. After surgery, a little cure of antihypertensive drug might be given to keep blood pressure within normal range. This paper serves as a memorial to keep an eye out for conditions with low prevalence, similar to CoA. According to the case’s typical signs and symptoms, croakers should test for secondary hypertension reasons to help missing the opinion of CoA. Cases admit better care to maximize their advantages. The study has main contributions such as- A significant threat factor for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases is hypertension. Primary hypertension and secondary hypertension are the two types of hypertensions. Compared to original hypertension, secondary hypertension is more dangerous. Here in this study, firstly there is an introduction regarding the case study i.e., of hypertension then there is case presentation which includes two tables about the case. Then comes the discussion of the topic which is explained by the figures. And finally, the conclusion shows that sec-ondary hypertension is more dangerous.

Periodontitis Disease and its Drug Delivery System

Hassham Anwar — 2023-12-05

A persistent inflammatory condition known as periodontitis affects the structures supporting and around the teeth. The treatment of Periodontitis typically involves the use of systemic antibiotics, local drug delivery, and mechanical debridement. In recent years, drug delivery systems have gained popularity as a means of delivering therapeutic substances directly to the location of infection, improving the effectiveness of treatment while minimizing systemic side effects. Some of the most commonly used drug delivery systems for periodontitis include gels, films, and nanoparticles. These systems can be loaded with antibiotics, antiinflammatory agents, and growth factors, among other therapeutic agents, and can be designed to release the drug over a prolonged long enough to have ongoing therapeutic effects. Treatment of periodontitis by the use of drug delivery systems has shown promising results, with improved clinical outcomes and reduced systemic side effects. However, more study is required to assess these systems long-term safety and effectiveness as well as to improve their design and delivery. Keywords associated with drug delivery systems for periodontitis include local drug delivery, sus-tained release, nanoparticles, antibiotics, antiinflammatory agents, and growth factors.

Typhoid Nephritis: Rare and Lethal Renal Manifestation of Widespread Infectious Disease

Shreya Gupta — 2023-12-05

Typhoid fever is a widespread infectious illness, particularly in underdeveloped nations. It is unusual for typhoid fever to manifest as nephritis. Pyelonephritis and cystitis are the most frequent renal consequences of typhoid illness. Typhoid glomerulonephritis patients may also have hypertensive encephalopathy or nephritic syndrome upon presentation. Typhoid fever mortality rises to 20–30% when typhoid nephritis is present. Typhoid fever is a widespread infectious illness, particularly in underdeveloped nations. It is unusual for typhoid fever to manifest as nephritis. Pyelonephritis and cystitis are the most frequent renal consequences of typhoid illness. Typhoid glomerulonephritis patients may also have hypertensive en-cephalopathy or nephritic syndrome upon presentation. Typhoid fever mortality rises to 20–30% when typhoid nephritis is present.

Plant Disease Diagnosis and Classification using Deep Learning

Mohd Furqan — 2023-12-05

Plant disease diagnosis and classification is an important task in agriculture as it helps in early identification and control of plant diseases, ultimately reducing crop loss and improving food security. In recent years, with the improvements in com-puter vision and machine learning, researchers have developed various techniques for the automated characterization and identification of plant diseases using images. This paper provides an overview of modern technology used for plant disease diagnosis and classification, including classification, image preprocessing, and feature extraction methods. Additionally, this paper highlights the challenges and future directions in this field, such as improving the accuracy of disease detection. In this paper, the model is trained and tested using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The Plant Village dataset is used to determine the precision of the model. In this paper, 18275 images were taken from the dataset belonging to 17 different classes. The dataset is split into three folders – train, validate and test. Images are distributed as follows: 70% are supplied to the train folder, 10% to the validate folder, and 20% to the test folder.