Breathless: A Visual Exploration of Lung Diseases

Zafar Imtiaz

doi:10.54060/pd.2023.3

Authors

Zafar Imtiaz Amity Institute of Pharmacy Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54060/pd.2023.3

Keywords:

Respiratory system, Pulmonary disease, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Abstract

In-depth analysis of lung disorders, their effects on people and communities, and the difficulties in treating them is provided in this research article. Lung conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer, and pneumonia, have grown to be major global public health worries. The causes, risk factors, diagnostic methods, available cures, and preventative measures for a variety of lung disorders are all examined in this essay. It is also investigated how lung disorders develop and advance due to hereditary factors, environmental variables like smoking and air pollution, and occupational hazards. In order to improve patient outcomes and lessen the burden of pulmonary illnesses, the findings high-light the vital relevance of early detection and prompt care. Lung disease development is known to be primarily influenced by genetic factors, environmental exposure, and occupational hazards. The study emphasizes the importance of interdisci-plinary cooperation among healthcare experts, researchers, policymakers, and communities to effectively address the issues raised by lung disorders. Lung disease impact must be reduced through public health actions, such as raising awareness, encouraging healthy lifestyle choices, and putting preventive measures in place. These interventions include measures to reduce smoking, better air quality legislation, immunization campaigns, and early screening programs. The research report emphasizes the urgent need for ongoing study, advocacy, and policy implementation in its conclusion in order to lessen the burden of lung illnesses, enhance patient outcomes, and promote lung health globally. This project seeks to expand our knowledge of lung disorders by analyzing their causes, effects, and treatment options. It also aims to provide a foundation for future research in the area.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

LRI Collaborators. Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respirato-ry tract infections in 195 countries: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Infect Dis [Internet]. 2015;17:1133–61. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30396.

Douglas J, Cohen N. Taste receptors mediate sinonasal immunity and respiratory disease. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2017;18(2):437. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020437

Shiratori B, Zhao J, Okumura M, Chagan-Yasutan H, Yanai H, Mizuno K, Yoshiyama T, Idei T, Ashino Y, Nakajima C, et al. Immunological Roles of Elevated Plasma Levels of Matricellular Proteins in Japanese Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculo-sis. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:19. doi: 10.3390/ijms18010019.

An J, Park S, Ko I, Jin J, Hwang L, Ji E, Kim S, Kim C, Park S, Hwang J, et al. Polydeoxyribonucleotide Ameliorates Lipopoly-saccharide-Induced Lung Injury by Inhibiting Apoptotic Cell Death in Rats. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:1847. doi: 10.3390/ijms18091847.

Florence J, Krupa A, Booshehri L, Gajewski A, Kurdowska A. Disrupting the Btk Pathway Suppresses COPD-Like Lung Altera-tions in Atherosclerosis Prone ApoE−/− Mice Following Regular Exposure to Cigarette Smoke. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:343. doi: 10.3390/ijms19020343.

Lorè N, Veraldi N, Riva C, Sipione B, Spagnuolo L, De Fino I, Melessike M, Calzi E, Bragonzi A, Naggi A, et al. Synthesized Heparan Sulfate Competitors Attenuate Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:207. doi: 10.3390/ijms19010207.

Carnell S, Perry J, Borthwick L, Vollmer D, Biboy J, Facchini M, Bragonzi A, Silipo A, Vergunst A, Vollmer W, et al. Targeting the Bacterial Cytoskeleton of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex for Antimicrobial Development: A Cautionary Tale. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:1604. doi: 10.3390/ijms19061604.

Bragonzi A, Paroni M, Pirone L, Coladarci I, Ascenzioni F, Bevivino A. Environmental Burkholderia cenocepacia Strain En-hances Fitness by Serial Passages during Long-Term Chronic Airways Infection in Mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:2417. doi: 10.3390/ijms18112417.

Bacci G, Mengoni A, Fiscarelli E, Segata N, Taccetti G, Dolce D, Paganin P, Morelli P, Tuccio V, De Alessandri A, et al. A Dif-ferent Microbiome Gene Repertoire in the Airways of Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Severe Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:1654. doi: 10.3390/ijms18081654.

Everaerts S, Lagrou K, Vermeersch K, Dupont L, Vanaudenaerde B, Janssens W. Aspergillus fumigatus Detection and Risk Factors in Patients with COPD–Bronchiectasis Overlap. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:523. doi: 10.3390/ijms19020523.

Máiz L, Nieto R, Cantón R, Gómez G. de la Pedrosa, E.; Martinez-García, M. Fungi in Bronchiectasis: A Concise Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:142. doi: 10.3390/ijms19010142.

Faverio P, Stainer A, Bonaiti G, Zucchetti S, Simonetta E, Lapadula G, Marruchella A, Gori A, Blasi F, Codecasa L, et al. Characterizing Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in Bronchiectasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17:1913. doi: 10.3390/ijms17111913.

Maselli D, Keyt H, Restrepo M. Inhaled Antibiotic Therapy in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:1062. doi: 10.3390/ijms18051062.

Miravitlles M, Anzueto A. Chronic Respiratory Infection in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: What Is the Role of Antibiotics? Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:1344. doi: 10.3390/ijms18071344.

Fastrès A, Felice F, Roels E, Moermans C, Corhay J, Bureau F, Louis R, Clercx C, Guiot J. The Lung Microbiome in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Promising Approach for Targeted Therapies. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:2735. doi: 10.3390/ijms18122735.

Haworth CS, Banks J, Capstick T, Fisher A, Gorsuch T, Laurenson I.F., Leitch A, Loebinger M.R., Milburn H, Nightingale M, et al. British Thoracic Society Guideline for the management of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTMPD).